ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical value of chest CT in assessment and diagnosis of mass in breast area in children. Methods The chest CT data of 30 cases under 16 year-old with breast area mass confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Of 30 patients,28 also underwent contrast enhanced CT scan,and 4 underwent both CT and MRI.Results CT detected all the 37 masses in the 30 cases with the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of 100% and 78.38%,respectively.The long diameter of masses were from 9 mm to 80 mm (average 34.5 mm).CT also detected accurately the intrathoracic invasion,rib and lung metastases, lymph nodes enlargement,patent ductus arteriosus and postoperative changes of lung congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Conclusion Chest CT is useful in the assessment and diagnosis of mass in breast area in children.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of sodium citrate on the efficacy of oral midazolam premedication in children with congenital heart disease. Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ children, aged 2-6 yr, weighing 12-20 kg, undergoing cardiac surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20 each): control group (gronp C) and sodium citrate group (group S). Group S received oral mixture of midazolam 0.12 ml/kg (0.6 my/kg), ketamine 0.12 ml/kg (6 my/kg), glucose 0.12 ml/kg (60 mg/kg) and sodium citrate 0.12 ml/kg (3 mg/kg), total volume 0.48 ml/kg. Group C received oral mixture of midazolam 0.12 ml/kg, ketamine 0.12 ml/kg and glucose 0.24 ml/kg, total volume 0.48 ml/kg. Hydrochloric acid (pH value 1.75) was mixed with the mixtures in the two groups and pH values were measured. Preoperative anxiety scale and the onset time,sedation score and parental separation score after receiving oral drugs were recorded in preparation room for anesthesia. After entering the operating room, HR, MAP and SpO2 were monitored, and the response to venepuncture in children and the adverse effects associated with oral drugs were also observed and recorded. Results The pH value was 1.97 in group C and 4.52 in group S. The parental separation score, sedation score and response score were significantly lower and the onset time was significantly shorter in group S than in group C. HR, MAP and SpO2 were in the normal range after entering the operating room. There was no obvious adverse effect after administration of oral drugs in the two groups. Conclusion Application of sodium citrate in the oral premedication in children with congenital heart disease can raise the pH value, shorten the onset time of midazolam, and enhance the sedative efficacy.